This script will add or remove emails to a list. It will
not send emails. For this second porpouse you may
check this script
The script code bellow has been split in different parts,
each one corresponding to a subroutine. After each
section of the script an explanation is provided.
Explanation of each part of the script is provided
bellow.
The form asking for emails (included in the last
subroutine of the script) may be place in a different
page (but it must point to the script).
This script will createa file in the server the first time
an email is submit (at this moment is set up to create
the file at "/cgi-bin/ subscribers.txt") .
index.asp
<%
DIM Responsetext
if request.form(" email")="" AND request.querystring=""
then
Sendform ()
else
if request.form(" email")<>"" and request.form
("action")=" Subscribe" then
GetrandomnamberandSavetoSession()
CheckEmailandSendEmail ()
SendResponse ()
end if
if request.form(" email")<>"" and request.form
("action")=" Unsubscribe" then
RemoveEmail()
SendResponse ()
end if
if request.querystring<>"" then
CheckrandonnumberandSaveEmailtoFile ()
SendResponse ()
end if
end if
%>
Explanation :
The first time the page is visited the form will be send
to the client.
If it is not the first time (request.form ("email") or
request.querystring has a value), depending on the
situation, the corresponding subroutines will be run.
Options are three:
1. A new request for additon to the list
request.form(" email")<>"" and request.form
("action")=" Subscribe"
2. A request to unsubscribe from the list
request.form(" email")<>"" and request.form
("action")=" Unsubscribe"
3. A confirmation to add the email to the list.
request.querystring<>""
<%
sub GetrandomnamberandSavetoSession()
Randomize
session ("randonnumber")= INT(Rnd ()*1000000)
session ("email ")=request.form(" email")
end sub
%>
Explanation :
Random number is generate (lines 3-4 )
Random number is stored in a session variable (line 4)
The email is stored in a session variable (line 5)
This random number will be send to the subscriber. It
will be included in the url the subscriber must visit a
confirm the inclusion in the mailing list.
<%
Sub CheckEmailandSendEmail ()
Wemail=request. form("email ")
test1= instr(Wemail, "@") ' value must be >1
test2= instr(Wemail, ".") ' value must be >4
test3= len(Wemail) ' value must be >6
test4= InStr (test1 ,Wemail,".",1) ' value must be
>test1 +2
if test1< 2 OR test2< 5 OR test3< 7 OR test4
Explanation :
It is check whether email provided is valid
If email is not valid, Responsetext variable is provided
a appropiate value (you may change it)
If email is valid Sendmessage () subroutine will be run
Responsetext above may be change to meet your
preferences. This variable will be used in the response
page which may be also customized in the
corresponding subroutine.
<%
Sub Sendmessage ()
message= "Dear Sir/madam," & CHR(10 ) & CHR(10 )
message= message & "A request to join our mailing list
has been get at mydomain.com. " & CHR(10 )
message= message & "Please visit the following link to
make efective you subscription to our mailing list." &
CHR(10 ) & CHR(10 )
message= message & Request.servervariables
("SERVER_NAME") & Request.servervariables
("URL") & "?" & session ("randonnumber") & CHR
(10) & CHR(10 )
message= message & "Take care" & CHR(10 ) & CHR(10 )
message= message & "John Smith" & CHR(10 )
set smtp=Server. CreateObject("Bamboo. SMTP")
smtp.Server=" mail.yourdomain .com "
smtp.Rcpt= request.form("email ")
smtp.From=" webmaster@yourdomain. com"
smtp.FromName=" John Smith"
smtp.Subject=" Mailing list inclusion request "
smtp.Message = message
on error resume next
smtp.Send
if err then
response.Write(" Internal server error")
response.end
end if
set smtp = Nothing
Responsetext=" One more thing to do: you must visit
the link you will get by email within next minutes in
order to confirm your inclusion in our mailing
list.< p> This operation must be done suring this
session, otherway your information will be lost "
End Sub
%>
Explanation :
An email will be send to the user for verification.
The message is defined in the first part of the
subroutine
Withing the message an url the user must visit is
provided. This url is formed this way:
Request.servervariables(" SERVER_NAME") &
Request.servervariables(" URL") will deffine the url as
for example www.mydomain/ mydir/myfile.asp. This
code will allow as to change the name or location of
the script in our server withou changing the code of
the script
"?" & session ("randonnumber") will add the random
number generated in advance to the url, so that it may
be recornize by using Request.querystring
The resulting url will be like this one:
www.mydomain/ mydir/myfile.asp? 123456
You must change in the script some parameters (mail
server, email address, your name, subject of the
message) and you may also change the complete body
of the message in the first part of the subroutine.
Responsetext above may be change to meet your
preferences. This variable will be used in the response
page which may be also customized in the
corresponding subroutine.
<%
sub CheckrandonnumberandSaveEmailtoFile()
if Clng(request.querystring )=session
("randonnumber") then
SaveEmailtoFile()
else
Responsetext=" We have no data related to your
previous visit to this siteProbably your session has
espired, so we are unable to add your email to our
mailing list< p>Please try to join our mailing list again,
and visit to the corresponding link as soon as possible,
before the session is expired. "
end if
end sub
%>
Explanation :
In case the subscriber confirms he wants to subscribe
the mailing list he will click in the url send by email to
him. In this url is included the random number we
generated before sending the email to the subscriber,
and this random number will be the value we may
recover with the code "Request.querystring". As this
value is a string, it is transformed to a number with
instruction "Clng()" and it is compared with the
random number stored at "session ("randonnumber")" .
If they are the same number the email of the
subscriber will be save to our file.
In case they are not the same number, the most
probable reason may be the subscriber has responded
by clicking in the url send to him by email a bit late, so
his session has expired and the value for "session
("randonnumber")" is null. In this case "Responsetext"
is set up.
Responsetext above may be change to meet your
preferences. This variable will be used in the response
page which may be also customized in the
corresponding subroutine.
<%
Sub SaveEmailtoFile()
email= session ("email")
email= lcase(email )
email="<" & email & ">"
Wfile=server .mappath("\") &" /cgi-bin /subscribers.txt "
Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting .FileSystemObject")
on error resume next
Set a = fs.OpenTextFile(Wfile)
allemails = a.ReadAll
a.close
if instr(allemails ,email)>0 then
Responsetext=" You are already a subscriber to this
mailing list "
else
allemails= allemails & email
Set a = fs.CreateTextFile(Wfile,True )
a.Write( allemails)
a.Close
Responsetext=" Your email has been added to our list
successfully "
end if
end sub
%>
Explanation :
The email which was stored at session("email ") is save
to a variable named email, transformed to lower case
and added to it "<" and ">" in the first and last
positions. Adding this characters in those positions is
very usefull, as it will allow us to better control the list
(see subroutine bellow).
Then we will open the file where emails are stored and
it will be checked whether the email is already in the
list. If so, the apropiate Responsetext is defined. If not,
the email (including the additional characters) will be
added to the list.
In case "/cgi-bin /subscribers.txt " is not present in the
server, it will be created when adding the first email to
the liost(it s not necessary to crate it in advance). T
location the serverof the fila and its named can be
changed without problems.
The file where the emails are stored will look like this
one:
After adding the email Responsetext is defined.
<%
Sub RemoveEmail()
email= lcase(request. form("email "))
email="<" & email & ">"
Wfile=server .mappath("\") &" /cgi-bin /subscribers.txt "
Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting .FileSystemObject")
on error resume next
Set a = fs.OpenTextFile(Wfile)
allemails = a.ReadAll
a.close
if error then
Responsetext=" The mailing list is not available at the
moment "
else
if instr(allemails ,email)> 0 then
allemails= replace(allemails,email ,"")
Set a = fs.CreateTextFile(Wfile,True )
a.Write( allemails)
a.Close
Responsetext=" Your email has been remove from
our mailinglist"
else
Responsetext=" Your email is not included in this
mailing list "
end if
end if
end sub
%>
Explanation :
The email (which was stored in a session obhect) will
suffer the same transformation as in the previous
subroutine.Then the file contain the list of emails is
open and read (in case an error occurs when trying to
open the file a Responsetext is defined), I the email is
included in the list it will be deleted. If not the
corresponding response will be set up.
When trying to delete the email (see subroutine
bellow), this additional character added in first and last
position ("<> and "<") will prevent the script to delete
aditional emails:
p.e . when deleting from the list "a@domain .com" we
will avoit deleting "ana@domain .com" (because we
will delete "").
After deleteing the email the corresponding answer
will be set up.
<% Sub SendResponse() %>
Request to join mailing list</
title>< /head>
<body bgcolor="# FFFFFF" text="# 000000">
<% =Responsetext %>
</body ></html >
<% End Sub %>
Explanation :
This subroutine is used to display our answer ae
corresponding action and it may be totally
customized. Just keep "<% =Responsetext %>" within
the code.
"Responsetext" is the piece of tee defined
somewhereelse in the script depending on what action
has took place.
<% Sub SendForm() %>
<html ><head><title >Request to join mailing list</
title>< /head>
<body bgcolor="# FFFFFF" text="# 000000">
<center >
Add your email to our mailing list
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="<%
=Request. servervariables("URL") %>">
<BR>
Email address: <INPUT TYPE="text"
NAME=" email" Size="60 " MAXLENGTH="128">
<BR>< BR>
<input type=radio name="action" value=" Subscribe"
checked> Subscribe ;
<input type=radio name="action"
value=" Unsubscribe"> Unsubscribe< BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Submit/
Enviar"><INPUT TYPE="RESET " VALUE="Clear/
Borrar">
</FORM >
</center >
</body ></html >
<% End Sub %>
Explanation :
This subroutine is used to introduce the email o the
user the first time he to the page.
The form may be place in different page as far as it
points to the script.
</div></div></div></div><div class='post'>
<div class='post-bgtop'>
<div class='post-bgbtm'>
<h2 class='title'><a href='artikel-lassen.php?aid=6'>Add a search utility to your site...</a></h2>
<p class='meta'><span class='date'><img src='../images/ico-time.png' /> 2012-01-20</span> 08:16:34 <img src='../images/ico-com.png' /> 0 comments <img src='../images/ico-user.png' /> <a href='benutzer.php?id=1'></a> <img src='../images/ico-cat.png' /> </a></p>
<div class='entry'>
This search utility will allow you to search for terms or
phrases within your site, and the resulting page will
show your visitors the title of the page and a link to it.
You only need to include the form bellow in your page:
searchfiles .html
<form method=" POST" action="/cgi -bin/
searchfiles .asp">
<table border= 0 cellpadding=5 bgcolor=AAAAAA ><tr>
<td align=center >
Search term or phrase <input type=text
name=term size= 15> <input type=submit
value=" search"></td >
</tr>< /table>
</form >
And you will need to create a file with the content in
the table bellow named searchfiles .asp in the
corresponding directory. Active Server Pages must be
available in the server. Instructions are in the bottom.
searchfiles .asp
<%
SearchTerm = request.form(" term")
Novalid=" a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
yes no and more"
NovalidResponse ="Go back and try again. Your search
term is very common"
if instr(SearchTerm, Novalid)=0 then
Response. Write ("<CENTER>< H2> Search results </
H2 ></CENTER>")
FolderName= "FolderName "
ShowList()
else
Response.Write NovalidResponse
End if
SearchResponse=""
%>
<%
Sub ShowList()
FolderToCheck = server.mappath ("\") &"/" &
FolderName & "/"
Dim fs, f, f1, fc, s
Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting .FileSystemObject")
Set f = fs.GetFolder( FolderToCheck)
Set fc = f.Files
For Each f1 in fc
Wfile = f1. name
if right(Wfile, 5)=".html " OR right(Wfile, 4)=". htm"
then
Wfile2 = FolderToCheck & Wfile
Set fs = CreateObject
("Scripting. FileSystemObject")
Set a = fs.OpenTextFile(Wfile 2)
ct = a.ReadAll
a.close
ct2= lcase(ct)
SearchTerm2 = lcase(SearchTerm)
if instr( ct2,SearchTerm2 )>0 then
if instr(ct ,"")>0 then
longitud=instr (ct,"")
longitud=longitud -1
ct=left( ct,longitud)
longitud2=len( ct)
longitud=instr (ct,"")
longitud=longitud2 -longitud -6
ct=right(ct ,longitud)
else
if instr(ct,"< /TITLE>")>0 then
longitud=instr (ct,"< /TITLE>")
longitud=longitud -1
ct=left( ct,longitud)
longitud2= len(ct)
longitud=instr (ct,"< TITLE>")
longitud=longitud2 -longitud -6
ct=right( ct,longitud)
end if
end if
SearchResponse= SearchResponse
+"< TR><TD>"+ ct + "</TD>< TD ALIGN=CENTER
VALIGN=MIDDLE >" + " <A HREF=" + "/" + FolderName
+ "/" + Wfile +"> More </A>< /TD></ TR>"
longitud=0
ct=""
end if
end if
Next
Response.Write ("<HTML>< HEAD><TITLE >Search
results< /TITLE></ HEAD><BODY
BGCOLOR=FFFFFF>< CENTER>")
Response.Write ("<TABLE BORDER= 0
WIDTH= 550><TR>< TD BGCOLOR=C 0C0 C0 ><FONT
SIZE=5 ><B> Search Results</B ></FONT></ TD></TR>< /
TABLE>")
Response.Write ("<TABLE BORDER= 0 WIDTH=550 >")
if SearchResponse<>"" then
Response.Write SearchResponse
else
Response.Write ("<TR><TD >The specified term or
phrase was not found</TD ></TR>")
end if
Response.Write ("</TABLE >")
Response.Write ("</CENTER ></BODY>< /HTML>")
End Sub
%>
You may include the terms you do not want to be
searched in the variable "Novalid". In case a term
included in "Novalid" is request, write your response in
the variable "NovalidResponse ".
"Search results" is the text which will be shown in the
top of the search results page.
"FolderName " is the directory you want to search.
Only ".htm " and ".html " files in this directory will be
searched. Subdirectories are not search. In case you
want to search your top directory, set FolderName="".
This script is only useful in top directories only. I do
not recommend to check more than 50 files (Try to be
friendly with your server!)
This script will show as a response a list of the titles of
pages with the requested term of phrase.
</div></div></div></div><div class='post'>
<div class='post-bgtop'>
<div class='post-bgbtm'>
<h2 class='title'><a href='artikel-lassen.php?aid=5'>Access to remote URLsAccess to remo...</a></h2>
<p class='meta'><span class='date'><img src='../images/ico-time.png' /> 2012-01-20</span> 08:16:34 <img src='../images/ico-com.png' /> 0 comments <img src='../images/ico-user.png' /> <a href='benutzer.php?id=1'></a> <img src='../images/ico-cat.png' /> </a></p>
<div class='entry'>
In this tutorial we will used Microsoft's XMLHTTP
Object to request a page to a remote address from our
server. This Object is included in Microsoft's XML
DOM component, which is probably installed in your
server.
The traditional usage of Microsoft's XMLHTTP Object is
to access remote XML files. In this basic tutorial we
will used it to obtain the text code from a remote
server. It will be the same information our browser
will get when visiting that page.
In the example bellow we have set up a variable
named GotothisURL which contains the url of the page
we will asked our server to visit. The response to this
visit will be saved to variable ResponsePage.
GetremoteURL.asp
<%
' Intruduce the url you want to visit
GotothisURL = "http://www .asptutorial.info "
' Create the xml object
Set GetConnection = CreateObject
("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
' Conect to specified URL
GetConnection.Open "get", GotothisURL, False
GetConnection.Send
' ResponsePage is the response we will get when
visiting GotothisURL
ResponsePage = GetConnection.responseText
' We will write
Response.write (ResponsePage)
Set GetConnection = Nothing
%>
In the example avobe we may use a URL like http://
www.asptutorial. info?
name=Joe&lastname =Zarzandi . The example above
will work with get method. You may try http://
www.google .asp?q= asp to search for asp in google
search engine (unfortunatelly is not legal to do so
without visiting their site unless we used the method
shown in the script bellow).
In the example above we have request for all content
of the response page, but it is possible to request only
headers (check code in bold in the script), but we may
request only for specific headers. You will need to
change line 12 in the script:
ResponsePage = GetConnection.getallResponseHeaders
The response page will be something similar to this:
Server: Microsoft-IIS/5. 0 Date: Thu, 31 Apr 2002
14:25: 20 GMT MicrosoftOfficeWebServer: 5.0 _Pub
Connection: keep-alive Connection:
Keep-Alive Content-Length: 11063 Content-Type: text/
html Cache-control: private
We may also request for specific parts of the
information included in the headers (check a regular :
To request for Server:
ResponsePage = GetConnection.getResponseHeader
("Server")
To request for Date:
ResponsePage = GetConnection.getResponseHeader
("Date")
To request for Content Length:
ResponsePage = GetConnection.getResponseHeader
("Content-Length")
...
In the example bellow we have add some code to avoid
error messages when url is not available, so that we
will get a alternative text (line 17)
GetremoteURL.asp
<%
' Intruduce the url you want to visit
GotothisURL = "http://www .asptutorial.info "
' Create the xml object
Set GetConnection = CreateObject
("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
' Conect to specified URL
GetConnection.Open "get", GotothisURL, False
on error resume next
GetConnection.Send
' ResponsePage is the response we will get when
visiting GotothisURL
ResponsePage = GetConnection.responseText
' We will write
if ResponsePage="" then
Response.write(" The page is not available")
else
Response.write(ResponsePage )
end if
Set GetConnection = Nothing
%>
</div></div></div></div><div class='post'>
<div class='post-bgtop'>
<div class='post-bgbtm'>
<h2 class='title'><a href='artikel-lassen.php?aid=4'>Access MySQL Database: open connect...</a></h2>
<p class='meta'><span class='date'><img src='../images/ico-time.png' /> 2012-01-17</span> 22:39:15 <img src='../images/ico-com.png' /> 0 comments <img src='../images/ico-user.png' /> <a href='benutzer.php?id=1'></a> <img src='../images/ico-cat.png' /> </a></p>
<div class='entry'>
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class SimpleProgramToAccessOracleDatabase {
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
// load the Oracle JDBC Driver
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
// define database connection parameters
return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:database", "userName",
"password");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null; // connection object
Statement stmt = null; // statement object
ResultSet rs = null; // result set object
try {
conn = getConnection(); // without Connection, can not do much
// create a statement: This object will be used for executing
// a static SQL statement and returning the results it produces.
stmt = conn.createStatement();
// start a transaction
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
// create a table called cats_tricks
stmt.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE cats_tricks " + "(name VARCHAR2(30), trick VARCHAR2(30))");
// insert two new records to the cats_tricks table
stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO cats_tricks VALUES('mono', 'r')");
stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO cats_tricks VALUES('mono', 'j')");
// commit the transaction
conn.commit();
// set auto commit to true (from now on every single
// statement will be treated as a single transaction
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
// get all of the the records from the cats_tricks table
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT name, trick FROM cats_tricks");
// iterate the result set and get one row at a time
while (rs.next()) {
String name = rs.getString(1); // 1st column in query
String trick = rs.getString(2); // 2nd column in query
System.out.println("name=" + name);
System.out.println("trick=" + trick);
System.out.println("==========");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ce) {
// if the driver class not found, then we will be here
System.out.println(ce.getMessage());
} catch (SQLException e) {
// something went wrong, we are handling the exception here
if (conn != null) {
conn.rollback();
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
}
System.out.println("--- SQLException caught ---");
// iterate and get all of the errors as much as possible.
while (e != null) {
System.out.println("Message : " + e.getMessage());
System.out.println("SQLState : " + e.getSQLState());
System.out.println("ErrorCode : " + e.getErrorCode());
System.out.println("---");
e = e.getNextException();
}
} finally { // close db resources
try {
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
}
</div></div></div></div><div class='post'>
<div class='post-bgtop'>
<div class='post-bgbtm'>
<h2 class='title'><a href='artikel-lassen.php?aid=3'>Connecting to the MySQL Server...</a></h2>
<p class='meta'><span class='date'><img src='../images/ico-time.png' /> 2012-01-17</span> 22:39:15 <img src='../images/ico-com.png' /> 0 comments <img src='../images/ico-user.png' /> <a href='benutzer.php?id=1'></a> <img src='../images/ico-cat.png' /> </a></p>
<div class='entry'>
To connect to the MySQL server, register the JDBC driver you plan to use, then invoke its getConnection() method. The following short program, Connect.java, shows how to connect to and disconnect from a server running on the local host. It accesses a database named test, using a MySQL account with a user name and password of testuser and testpass:
import java.sql.*;
public class Connect
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Connection conn = null;
try
{
String userName = "testuser";
String password = "testpass";
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/test";
Class.forName ("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance ();
conn = DriverManager.getConnection (url, userName, password);
System.out.println ("Database connection established");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.err.println ("Cannot connect to database server");
}
finally
{
if (conn != null)
{
try
{
conn.close ();
System.out.println ("Database connection terminated");
}
catch (Exception e) { /* ignore close errors */ }
}
}
}
}
Compile Connect.java to produce a class file Connect.class that contains executable Java code:
% javac Connect.java
Then invoke the class file as follows and it should connect to and disconnect from your MySQL server:
% java Connect
Database connection established
Database connection terminated
If you have trouble compiling Connect.java, double check that you have a Java Software Development Kit installed and make sure that the MySQL Connector/J driver is listed in your CLASSPATH environment variable.
The arguments to getConnection() are the connection URL and the user name and password of a MySQL account. As illustrated by Connect.java, JDBC URLs for MySQL consist of jdbc:mysql:// followed by the name of the MySQL server host and the database name. An alternate syntax for specifying the user and password is to add them as parameters to the end of the connection URL:
jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?user=testuser&password=testpass
When you specify a URL using this second format, getConnection() requires only one argument. For example, the code for connecting to the MySQL server in Connect.java could have been written like this:
String userName = "testuser";
String password = "testpass";
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?user="
+ userName
+ "&password="
+ password;
Class.forName ("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance ();
conn = DriverManager.getConnection (url);
getConnect() returns a Connection object that may be used to interact with MySQL by issuing queries and retrieving their results. (The next section describes how to do this.) When you're done with the connection, invoke its close() method to disconnect from the MySQL server.
To increase the portability of your applications, you can store the connection parameters (host, database, user name, and password) in a Java properties file and read the properties at runtime. Then they need not be listed in the program itself. This allows you to change the server to which the program connects by editing the properties file, rather than by having to recompile the program.
</div></div></div></div><div class='post'>
<div class='post-bgtop'>
<div class='post-bgbtm'>
<h2 class='title'><a href='artikel-lassen.php?aid=2'>Sending form results to multiple re...</a></h2>
<p class='meta'><span class='date'><img src='../images/ico-time.png' /> 2012-01-17</span> 22:20:37 <img src='../images/ico-com.png' /> 0 comments <img src='../images/ico-user.png' /> <a href='benutzer.php?id=1'></a> <img src='../images/ico-cat.png' /> </a></p>
<div class='entry'>
Need to send a copy of form results to your business partner? To your friend? To someone helping you with a project? So, how do you send the e-mail with form results to multiple recipients?
The answer is: easy! All you need to do is separate multiple e-mail addresses in the PHP mail() function (remember the Form to Mail tutorial?) with a comma ( , ).
As shown before to send an e-mail to john@doe.com you would use this PHP code:
mail("john@doe.com", "Test e-mail", "Hi, this is a test message!");
Now if you wanted to send a copy of the same e-mail also to jane@mail.com and frank@domain.com you would just use all three (separated with a comma) as the first parameter in the mail() function:
"john@doe.com , jane@mail.com , frank@domain.com"
Now the code would look like this:
mail("john@doe.com , marry@mail.com , frank@domain.com",
"Test e-mail", "Hi, this is a test message!");
That's it!
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<h2 class='title'><a href='artikel-lassen.php?aid=1'>Dynamic Multi-level CSS Menu with P...</a></h2>
<p class='meta'><span class='date'><img src='../images/ico-time.png' /> 2012-01-17</span> 22:20:37 <img src='../images/ico-com.png' /> 0 comments <img src='../images/ico-user.png' /> <a href='benutzer.php?id=1'></a> <img src='../images/ico-cat.png' /> </a></p>
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Since writing this post i have enhanced the script and now use V2 which you can check out here: Single Query Dynamic Multi-level Menu
I was recently working on a project for a client and couldn’t find a menu solution to fit my needs. I was looking to use a menu style similar to those found on Cssplay.co.uk, but i wanted to build the menu on the fly from a MySQL database. After many search attempts and several posts on php/mysql boards i realized i was going to have to work this out myself. I needed infinite levels and most tutorials only had options for 1 or 2 sub levels or weren’t completely dynamic and would require a table rebuild every time you add a new page.
Creating The Menu
My solution was a mix of several menus i found online. I decided to use a flat table and a simple recursive php function. The first step is working out the table structure. Here is a look at the table i used.
The MySQL Table
id label link parent sort
The id is you Primary Key field here, followed by label and link being the name and action of the option. The parent will be the id of the parent menu item and finally the sort field is used if you want any control over the order of your menu items.
Here is the sql
view source
print?
1 CREATE TABLE `menu` (
2 `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
3 `label` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '',
4 `link` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '#',
5 `parent` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
6 `sort` int(11) default NULL,
7 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
8 ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=248 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Now that we have a table to take information from we need some data
id label link parent sort
1 Home #home 0 0
2 Code #code 0 0
3 Contact #contact 0 0
4 PHP #php 2 0
5 CSS #css 2 0
6 Scripts #scripts 4 0
7 Help #help 4 0
8 Archive #archive 6 0
9 Snippet #snippet 8 0
The links can be in any form as you will build them later. eg. ?p=84, http://url, #anchor.
The PHP Function
Now lets take a look at the php. This is a simplified version
view source
print?
01 function display_children($parent, $level) {
02 $result = mysql_query("SELECT a.id, a.label, a.link, Deriv1.Count FROM `menu` a LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT parent, COUNT(*) AS Count FROM `menu` GROUP BY parent) Deriv1 ON a.id = Deriv1.parent WHERE a.parent=" . $parent);
03 echo "<ul>";
04 while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
05 if ($row['Count'] > 0) {
06 echo "<li><a href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a>";
07 display_children($row['id'], $level + 1);
08 echo "</li>";
09 } elseif ($row['Count']==0) {
10 echo "<li><a href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a></li>";
11 } else;
12 }
13 echo "</ul>";
14 }
So lets start with the query.
view source
print?
1 $result = mysql_query("SELECT a.id, a.label, a.link, Deriv1.Count FROM `menu` a LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT parent, COUNT(*) AS Count FROM `menu` GROUP BY parent) Deriv1 ON a.id = Deriv1.parent WHERE a.parent=" . $parent);
It looks complicated but all it is doing is getting the information for each menu item for a parent and a count of how many children it has. The results would look like this:
id label link count
1 Home #home 0
2 Code #code 2
3 Contact #contact 0
These results are the contents of the top layer or main menu, just after the sql query comes a simple echo to create our opening <ul> tags. Followed by the brains of the function inside this while statement:
view source
print?
1 while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
2 if ($row['Count'] > 0) {
3 echo "<li><a href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a>";
4 display_children($row['id'], $level + 1);
5 echo "</li>";
6 } elseif ($row['Count']==0) {
7 echo "<li><a href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a></li>";
8 } else;
9 }
This statement simply outputs the appropriate <li> tags and links for each item on the menu and then checks to see if that item has any children. If the count is more than zero then it calls the entire function over to build the child menu. Then a simple closing </ul> tag to finish it off.
To call the menu simply run the function with the level you want to display for example:
view source
print?
1 display_children(0, 1);
Would return:
* Home
* Code
o PHP
+ Scripts
# Archive
* Snippet
# Help
o CSS
* Contact
view source
print?
1 display_children(4, 1);
Would return only the children of PHP or (id #4)
* Scripts
o Archive
+ Snippet
o Help
This second use can come in handy if you want to build a sub menu any where in your site.
The menu can be further customized as i mentioned above with css as can be seen in use at B&B Metals.
The code for the menu on that site is slightly more complex due to different css classes being used for lower levels in the menu. You can easily sort the menu by adding a sort statement to the sql statement and giving your menu items a sort order.
Styling The Menu
Now after all that it doesnt look like much yet. But im gonna show you how to make this into a horizontal dropdown menu although you could use this to make any sort of menu type.
Modifying the PHP
The first thing we have to do now is add add a class to the output of the php script.
Start by replacing:
view source
print?
1 echo "<li><a href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a></li>";
With:
view source
print?
1 echo "<li class='list'><a class='list_link' href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a></li>";
If you want a different style for your lower levels then you will want to use the code below instead of the one above.
view source
print?
1 echo "<li class='level".$level."'><a class='level".$level."' href='" . $row['link'] . "'>" . $row['label'] . "</a></li>";
Now that our links have been assigned a class we can style them any way we choose. If you want to style layer 2 differently then simply use the .layer2 class to change that. Now that you have your menu in the right format ie. Unordered and Ordered lists you can use just about any css menu around. I recommend checking out the ones over at Cssplay.co.uk, of course if you like there stuff make sure you donate. Another way that you can code your css menus is to give your menu a class, lets say .menu, apply that class to your top container and assign the levels of the menu as
view source
print?
1 .menu ul{color:#FFF;} /* Main container, includes the background of the static portion of the menu */
2 .menu ul li{color:#FFF;} /* This is the style for the main menu items */
3 .menu ul ul{color:#FFF;} /* This is the container for the first submenu */
4 .menu ul ul li{color:#FFF;} /* This is the style for the submenus */
And so on and so on. You can style the links themselves as well by using the .menu a{}. This will alter all links in the menu. To define a different style for a lower level in the menu you would simply change it to .menu ul ul a{} for the second level.
I wont go over all the styling as we would be here forever so if you have any questions feel free to ask and ill be glad to help.
Since writing this post i have enhanced the script and now use V2 which you can check out here: Single Query Dynamic Multi-level Menu
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